Labour Code of the Russian Federation
The Labour Code is the source of the duties themselves, not of the penalties. It defines what occupational safety is, what the employer must do, what the worker must do, and when a worker must be barred from working. Section X, rewritten by Federal Law No. 311-FZ of 2 July 2021, is the part that matters for permit-to-work.
Read together with the Code on Administrative Offences, it works like this: the Labour Code says what you owe, and the Code on Administrative Offences says what it costs when you do not deliver.
Why it matters for permit-to-work
Article 76 is the legal ground for the single most common permit-to-work failure: an employer is obliged to bar from work anyone who has not passed occupational-safety training or the required medical examination. Signing a permit for such a worker breaches the Labour Code and is then penalised under Article 5.27.1 part 3 of the Code on Administrative Offences.
Key articles
Amounts are in Russian roubles (RUB). Article links open the verbatim Russian text at the exact article.
Basic definitions
The definitions the whole system rests on: occupational safety, working conditions, a hazardous production factor, occupational risk, a workplace. Where a dispute turns on terminology, this is the article that settles it.
State regulatory requirements for occupational safety and national safety standards
Establishes which documents carry binding occupational-safety requirements - the ones an inspector may enforce, as opposed to advisory guidance.
Employer duties in the field of occupational safety
The longest article of the section and the main checklist for an employer: safe working conditions, hazard assessment, training, protective equipment, investigation of accidents, suspension of work when a threat to life arises.
Worker duties in the field of occupational safety
What the worker owes: to follow safety requirements, use equipment and protective gear correctly, pass training and medical examinations, and report any threat immediately.
Worker rights in the field of occupational safety
Includes the right to refuse work where there is a threat to life or health - a right often invoked in disputes about high-risk work.
Suspension from work
The employer is obliged - not entitled, obliged - to bar from work a person who is intoxicated, has not passed occupational-safety training, has not undergone the required medical examination, is not using the personal protective equipment issued for high-risk work, or has medical contraindications.
Provision of personal protective equipment to workers
Protective equipment is provided by the employer at its own expense, according to unified standard issue rules based on the workplace hazard assessment.
Financing of measures to improve working conditions and occupational safety
Sets the funding obligation for occupational-safety measures - the article to cite when a safety budget is being justified.
538 articles in 70 chapters, in Russian - the only version with legal force.
Open the Russian text